Market research

Market research is an organized effort to gather information about target markets and customers: know about them, starting with who they are. It is an important component of business strategy and a major factor in maintaining competitiveness. Market research helps to identify and analyze the needs of the market, the market size and the competition. Its techniques encompass both qualitative techniques such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, and ethnography, as well as quantitative techniques such as customer surveys, and analysis of secondary data. It includes social and opinion research, and is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals or organizations using statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social sciences to gain insight or support decision making. Market research, marketing research, and marketing are a sequence of business activities; sometimes these are handled informally. The field of marketing research is mu

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Thin UHPFRC slabs without conventional reinforcement as light-weight structural elements

Aurelio Muttoni, Dario Redaelli, Ana Spasojevic

Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) is a material characterised by significantly improved mechanical and durability properties compared to other concretes. In recent years, an important research effort has been made to identify appropriate structural forms and to provide practical design rules allowing efficient UHPFRC structures to be conceived. This paper presents the results of an experimental and theoretical study on the structural behaviour of thin UHPFRC slabs without conventional reinforcement. It is shown that these elements can provide high bending resistance, and, applied in an appropriate structural arrangement, lead to strong and light-weight structures that cannot be built with ordinary reinforced concrete. The favourable behaviour of thin UHPFRC members results from material mechanical properties: high compressive strength and significant ductility in tension of thin UHPFRC members lead to a ductile bending response, even when conventional reinforcement is not provided. It is demonstrated that the theory of plasticity can be safely used to assess the bending failure load for thin UHPFRC slabs. A practical expression is proposed to define the resistant plastic moment, allowing an easy estimation of the bending load-bearing capacity of thin statically indeterminate UHPFRC elements. The results are compared with experimental data on slabs of various thicknesses, showing good agreement.

fib Symposium London 20092009

Model-based interpretation of floor vibrations for indoor occupant tracking

Slah Drira, Yves Sylvain Gilles Reuland, Ian Smith

Information regarding occupant flows inside buildings is beneficial for applications such as thermal-load control, market research and security enhancement. Existing methodologies for occupant tracking involve data-driven techniques that rely either on radio-frequency devices, optical sensors or vibration sensors. Such data-driven techniques suffer from ambiguous interpretations, especially in presence of obstructions and varying floor rigidities. In this contribution, an occupanttracking strategy using footstep-induced vibrations is outlined. The goal is to incorporate information from physics-based models in the interpretation of vibration measurements. Using error-domain model falsification (EDMF) a single occupant is localized using the vibrations resulting from footstep impacts and using various shoe types. EDMF is a multiple-model approach that provides a set of candidate locations from an initial population of possible footstep locations. Model responses that contradict footstep-induced vibration measurements are rejected through incorporating several sources of uncertainty from measurements and modeling. Occupant-trajectory identification is then performed based on the candidate-location set for each detected footstep using a sequential analysis that combines information from consecutive footsteps. A full-scale case study is used to evaluate the methodology. Model-based occupant tracking that includes structural information and takes into account systematic errors and model bias has the potential to identify accurately single occupant locations in a full-scale structure.

2019

Marketing

Marketing is the process of exploring, creating, and delivering value to meet the needs of a target market in terms of goods and services; potentially including selection of a targe

Marketing research

Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services. The goal is to identify and asses

Marketing strategy

Marketing strategy is an organization's promotional efforts to allocate its resources across a wide range of platforms, channels to increase its sales and achieve sustainable competitive advantage wit

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