Standardization | EPFL Graph Search

Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes. In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. History Early examples Standard weights and measures were developed by the Indus Valley civilization. The centralized weight and measure system served the commercial interest of Indus merchants as smaller weight measures were used to measure luxury goods while larger weights were employed for buying bulkier items, such as food grains etc.

"Plug Walk". Revalorisation de la polarité événementielle de Bellerive, Lausanne (VD)

Aurélie Dupasquier, Damien Gisler

Bellerive apparaît aujourd’hui comme un lieu à fort potentiel, où public et privé se côtoient sans en donner une définition propre. Implanté sur l’un des derniers grands sites plats de la ville, le projet questionne la thématique de l’évènementiel déjà présent sur cette portion privilégiée des rives du Léman. Au Sud du périmètre, l’installation d’une infrastructure permanente, intégrant une passerelle publique et pouvant recevoir divers programmes, augmente le potentiel d’accueil d’évènements éphémères. La partie Nord est organisée par une série de places publiques qui dialoguent avec la structure et le tissu urbain. La promenade surélevée, véritable épine dorsale du projet, revalorise la zone tout en intégrant les programmes industriels existants, comme la gravière et le chantier naval, qui participent à l’identité du lieu et à son dynamisme. Elle assure également l’articulation des volumes bâtis qui s’y rattachent et la continuité de la balade lacustre, actuellement rompue. Le siège du Conseil du Léman, qui coordonne la gestion du lac, profite de la grande influence du port d’Ouchy pour intégrer le nouveau système. Un belvédère et un restaurant marquent les extrémités de cette infrastructure longiligne, tandis qu’une salle d’exposition, des logements et un espace de stockage la complètent en ponctuant le parcours. Bellerive acquiert ainsi un caractère précis et ouvert, à même de garantir à Lausanne un nouveau rayonnement et de renforcer son statut de polarité événementielle urbaine.

2018

Synthesis of Flexible Accelerators for Early Adoption of Ring-LWE Post-quantum Cryptography

Subhadeep Banik, Hamid Nejatollahi, Francesco Regazzoni

The advent of the quantum computer makes current public-key infrastructure insecure. Cryptography community is addressing this problem by designing, efficiently implementing, and evaluating novel public-key algorithms capable of withstanding quantum computational power. Governmental agencies, such as NIST, are promoting standardization of quantum-resistant algorithms that is expected to run for 7 years. Several modern applications must maintain permanent data secrecy; therefore, they ultimately require the use of quantum-resistant algorithms. Because algorithms are still under scrutiny for eventual standardization, the deployment of the hardware implementation of quantum-resistant algorithms is still in early stages. In this article, we propose a methodology to design programmable hardware accelerators for lattice-based algorithms, and we use the proposed methodology to implement flexible and energy efficient post-quantum cache-based accelerators for NewHope, Kyber, Dilithium, Key Consensus from Lattice (KCL), and R.EMBLEM submissions to the NIST standardization contest. To the best of our knowledge, we propose the first efficient domain-specific, programmable cache-based accelerators for lattice-based algorithms. We design a single accelerator for a common kernel among various schemes with different kernel sizes, i.e., loop count, and data types. This is in contrast to the traditional approach of designing one special purpose accelerators for each scheme. We validate our methodology by integrating our accelerators into an HLS-based SoC infrastructure based on the X86 processor and evaluate overall performance. Our experiments demonstrate the suitability of the approach and allow us to collect insightful information about the performance bottlenecks and the energy efficiency of the explored algorithms. Our results provide guidelines for hardware designers, highlighting the optimization points to address for achieving the highest energy minimization and performance increase. At the same time, our proposed design allows us to specify and execute new variants of lattice-based schemes with superior energy efficiency compared to the main application processor without changing the hardware acceleration platform. For example, we manage to reduce the energy consumption up to 2.1x and energy-delay product (EDP) up to 5.2x and improve the speedup up to 2.5x.

ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY2020

Misuse Attacks on Post-quantum Cryptosystems

Ciprian Baetu, Fatma Betül Durak, Loïs Evan Huguenin-Dumittan, Abdullah Talayhan, Serge Vaudenay

Many post-quantum cryptosystems which have been proposed in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NISI) standardization process follow the same meta-algorithm, but in different algebras or different encoding methods. They usually propose two constructions, one being weaker and the other requiring a random oracle. We focus on the weak version of nine submissions to NISI. Submitters claim no security when the secret key is used several times. In this paper, we analyze how easy it is to run a key recovery under multiple key reuse. We mount a classical key recovery under plaintext checking attacks (i.e., with a plaintext checking oracle saying if a given ciphertext decrypts well to a given plaintext) and a quantum key recovery under chosen ciphertext attacks. In the latter case, we assume quantum access to the decryption oracle.

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG2019

Synthesis of Flexible Accelerators for Early Adoption of Ring-LWE Post-quantum Cryptography

Subhadeep Banik, Hamid Nejatollahi, Francesco Regazzoni

ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY2020