Subgroup

Summary

In group theory, a branch of mathematics, given a group G under a binary operation ∗, a subset H of G is called a subgroup of G if H also forms a group under the operation ∗. More precisely, H is a subgroup of G if the restriction of ∗ to H × H is a group operation on H. This is often denoted H ≤ G, read as "H is a subgroup of G". The trivial subgroup of any group is the subgroup {e} consisting of just the identity element. A proper subgroup of a group G is a subgroup H which is a proper subset of G (that is, H ≠ G). This is often represented notationally by H < G, read as "H is a proper subgroup of G". Some authors also exclude the trivial group from being proper (that is, H ≠ {e}). If H is a subgroup of G, then G is sometimes called an overgroup of H. The same definitions apply more generally when G is an arbitrary semigroup, but

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgroup

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Irreducibility of disconnected subgroups of exceptional algebraic groups

Soumaïa Nadia Ghandour

This dissertation is concerned with the study of irreducible embeddings of simple algebraic groups of exceptional type. It is motivated by the role of such embeddings in the study of positive dimensional closed subgroups of classical algebraic groups. The classification of the maximal closed connected subgroups of simple algebraic groups was carried out by E. B. Dynkin, G. M. Seitz and D. M. Testerman. Their analysis for the classical groups was based primarily on a striking result: if G is a simple algebraic group and ø : G → SL(V ) is a tensor indecomposable irreducible rational representation then, with specified exceptions, the image of G is maximal among closed connected subgroups of one of the classical groups SL(V), Sp(V ) or SO(V ). In the case of closed, not necessarily connected, subgroups of the classical groups, one is interested in considering irreducible embeddings of simple algebraic groups and their automorphism groups: given a simple algebraic group Y defined over an algebraically closed field K, one is led to study the embeddings G < Aut(Y ), where G and Aut(Y ) are closed subgroups of SL(V ) and V is an irreducible rational KY -module on which G acts irreducibly. A partial analysis of such embeddings in the case of classical algebraic groups Y was carried out by B. Ford. We purpose to classify all triples (G, Y, V ) where Y is a simple algebraic group of exceptional type, defined over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic p > 0, G is a closed non-connected positive dimensional subgroup of Y and V is a nontrivial irreducible rational KY -module such that V|G is irreducible. We obtain a precise description of such triples (G, Y, V ).

EPFL2008

Special Reductive Groups Over An Arbitrary Field

Mathieu Huruguen

A linear algebraic group G defined over a field k is called special if every G-torsor over every field extension of k is trivial. In 1958 Grothendieck classified special groups in the case where the base field is algebraically closed. In this paper we describe the derived subgroup and the coradical of a special reductive group over an arbitrary field k. We also classify special semisimple groups, special reductive groups of inner type, and special quasisplit reductive groups over an arbitrary field k. Finally, we give an application to a conjecture of Serre.

Springer Birkhauser2016

Let G a locally compact group, H a closed subgroup and 1 < p < ∞. It's well-known that the restriction of the functions from G to H is a surjective linear contraction from Ap(G) onto Ap(H). We prove, when H is amenable, that every element in Ap(H) with compact support can be extended to an element in Ap(G) of which we can check norm and support. This result is already known in the case of normal subgroups and also for compact subgroups. We obtain the existence of a quasi-coretract in the BAN category, as a substitute of a morphism ΓH such that ResH ◦ ΓH = idAp(H). Indeed, for an amenable subsgroup, the morphism ΓH, a priori, doesn't exist. So, we construct a net of morphismes in BAN from Ap(H) into Ap(G), that converge to idAp(H) for the strong operator's topology on Ap(H) (that's for us the notion of a quasi-coretract in BAN). Furthermore, if H is metrizable and σ-compact we obtain, more precisely, a sequence. Moreover, our approach allows us to extend to the non-abelian case some works of H. Reiter and C. Herz concerning the spectral synthesis of bounded uniformly continuous functions. My results are new even for the Fourier algebra.

EPFL2007