Hydrogen spectral series

Summary

The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula. These observed spectral lines are due to the electron making transitions between two energy levels in an atom. The classification of the series by the Rydberg formula was important in the development of quantum mechanics. The spectral series are important in astronomical spectroscopy for detecting the presence of hydrogen and calculating red shifts. Physics A hydrogen atom consists of an electron orbiting its nucleus. The electromagnetic force between the electron and the nuclear proton leads to a set of quantum states for the electron, each with its own energy. These states were visualized by the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom as being distinct orbits around the nucleus. Each energy level, or electron shell, or orbit, is designated by an integer, n as shown in the figure. The Bohr model was later replaced by quantum mech

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_spectral_series

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Samaneh Daviran, Anna Krammer, Josef Andreas Schuler

The present paper deals with the deposition of Cu-Co-Mn oxides thin film by magnetron sputtering to produce a black selective coating for solar Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) systems. The effect of temperature was studied between the nominal temperature range of 300-600°C, using both in-situ heating and post annealing. The optical behavior was investigated by advanced spectrophotometry devices in visible, near and infrared spectral ranges. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to show the microstructure, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify the phases and to compare the samples'pattern prepared at different temperatures.

IOP Science2019

, , , ,

We report on the C K-edge x-ray absorption spectra and the resonant (RXES) and non-resonant (NXES) x-ray emission spectra of ethylene, allene and butadiene in the gas phase. The RXES and NXES show clear differences for the different molecules. Overall both types of spectra are more structured for ethylene and allene, than for butadiene. Using density functional theory-restricted open shell configuration interaction single calculations, we simulate the spectra with remarkable agreement with the experiment. We identify the spectral features as being due to transitions involving localised 1s orbitals. For allene, there are distinct spectral bands that reflect transitions predominantly from either the central or terminal carbon atoms. These results are discussed in the context of ultrafast x-ray studies aimed at detecting the passage through conical intersections in polyatomic molecules.

IOP Publishing Ltd2022

Threshold photoionization at high resolution

Andreas Osterwalder

Because the spectral d. of Rydberg states scales with the third power of the principal quantum no. n, the region immediately below at. and mol. ionization thresholds is spectrally very dense. Studying the properties of high at. and mol. Rydberg states just below threshold (at n>100) thus represents a real exptl. challenge. At the same time, it offers the opportunity to obtain, by Rydberg series extrapolation, very detailed information on the energy level structure of mol. ions. Recent exptl. progress will be reviewed that have enabled us to obtain information on high at. and mol. Rydberg states at an unprecedented resoln. The methods we have developed rely on the use of a home-built broadly tunable near-Fourier-transform-limited pulsed extreme UV laser system with a bandwidth of better than 210 MHz and of double-resonance techniques with which the spectra of high Rydberg states can be measured at a spectral resoln. of 60 kHz. Recent applications of these methods to the study of the threshold ionization of small mol. systems will be presented. [on SciFinder (R)]

2001