Osteosarcoma | EPFL Graph Search

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An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) (or simply bone cancer) is a cancerous tumor in a bone. Specifically, it is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin (and thus a sarcoma) and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and produces malignant osteoid. Osteosarcoma is the most common histological form of primary bone sarcoma. It is most prevalent in teenagers and young adults. Many patients first complain of pain that may be worse at night, may be intermittent and of varying intensity and may have been occurring for a long time. Teenagers who are active in sports often complain of pain in the lower femur, or immediately below the knee. If the tumor is large, it can present as overt localised swelling. Sometimes a sudden fracture is the first symptom because the affected bone is not as strong as normal bone and may fracture abnormally with minor trauma. In cases of more deep-seated tumors that are not as close to the skin, such as those originating in the pelvis, localised swelling may not be apparent. Several research groups are investigating cancer stem cells and their potential to cause tumors along with genes and proteins causative in different phenotypes. Radiotherapy for unrelated conditions may be a rare cause. A small supernumerary marker chromosome or a giant rod chromosome is present in the tumor cells of low grade OS including low grade central OS and paraosteal OS (see below Variants section), carry various potentially pro-cancerous genes, and are thought to contribute to the development of these OS. (See Small supernumerary marker chromosomes and giant rod chromosomes in osteosarcomas) Familial cases where the deletion of chromosome 13q14 inactivates the retinoblastoma gene is associated with a high risk of osteosarcoma development. Bone dysplasias, including Paget's disease of bone, fibrous dysplasia, enchondromatosis, and hereditary multiple exostoses, increase the risk of osteosarcoma.

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Related publications (5)

Growth of osteosarcoma cells in a three-dimensional bone-like matrix alters their susceptibility to adeno-associated virus

Peter Martin Beard, Martha Luise Müller, Katarina Damjanovic, Sangeeta Dey

Osteosarcoma cells U2OS are partially susceptible to adeno-associated virus (AAV)-2 infection, allowing efficient synthesis of Rep proteins and, in a low percentage of cells, capsid production. It is

Soc General Microbiology2014

Adeno-Associated Virus Activates an Innate Immune Response in Normal Human Cells but Not in Osteosarcoma Cells

Peter Martin Beard

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small, DNA-containing dependovirus with promising potential as a gene delivery vehicle. Given the variety of applications of AAV-based vectors in the treatment of gen

2011

Mitotic Catastrophe Occurs in the Absence of Apoptosis in p53-Null Cells with a Defective G1 Checkpoint

Peter Martin Beard, Michail Fragkos

Cell death occurring during mitosis, or mitotic catastrophe, often takes place in conjunction with apoptosis, but the conditions in which mitotic catastrophe may exhibit features of programmed cell de

Public Library of Science2011

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