A free license or open license is a license which allows others to reuse another creator’s work as they wish. Without a special license, these uses are normally prohibited by copyright, patent or commercial license. Most free licenses are worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, and perpetual (see copyright durations). Free licenses are often the basis of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding projects.
The invention of the term "free license" and the focus on the rights of users were connected to the sharing traditions of the hacker culture of the 1970s public domain software ecosystem, the social and political free software movement (since 1980) and the open source movement (since the 1990s). These rights were codified by different groups and organizations for different domains in Free Software Definition, Open Source Definition, Debian Free Software Guidelines, Definition of Free Cultural Works and The Open Definition. These definitions were then transformed into licenses, using the copyright as legal mechanism. Ideas of free/open licenses have since spread into different spheres of society.
Open source, free culture (unified as free and open-source movement), anticopyright, Wikimedia Foundation projects, public domain advocacy groups and pirate parties are connected with free and open licenses.
Public domain licenses
Creative Commons CC0
WTFPL
Unlicense
Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL)
Permissive licenses
Apache License
BSD License
MIT License
Mozilla Public License (file-based permissive copyleft)
Creative Commons Attribution
Copyleft & patentleft licenses
GNU GPL, LGPL (weaker copyleft), AGPL (stronger copyleft)
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike
Mozilla Public License
Common Development and Distribution License
GFDL (without invariant sections)
Free Art License
Open-source software
The Open Source Definition
Open Content
Open Content License
Open Publication License
Open-source hardware
Open database
Creative Commons v4
Open Database Licence
Creative Commons
Free Software Foundation
Open Source In
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Le cours présente les enjeux mondiaux actuels liés à la communication instantanée et aux médias sociaux. L'approche interdisciplinaire intègre les SHS et les sciences de l'ingénieur et initie au trava
Les enjeux environnementaux doivent être abordés de façon systémique. L'Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) et l'Analyse de Flux de Matière (AFM) sont des méthodes permettant d'évaluer de façon globale les
Ce cours d'introduction à la microscopie a pour but de donner un apperçu des différentes techniques d'analyse de la microstructure et de la composition des matériaux, en particulier celles liées aux m
In acute ischemic stroke, the composition of the occlusive clot can be associated with the underlying pathophysiology and the response to treatment. For these reasons, it is important to characterize the clot composition from clinical scans. We examine the ...
The Definition of Free Cultural Works evaluates and recommends compatible free content licenses. The Open Content Project by David A. Wiley in 1998 was a predecessor project which defined open content. In 2003, Wiley joined the Creative Commons as "Director of Educational Licenses" and announced the Creative Commons and their licenses as successors to his Open Content Project. Therefore, Creative Commons' Erik Möller in collaboration with Richard Stallman, Lawrence Lessig, Benjamin Mako Hill, Angela Beesley, and others started in 2006 the Free Cultural Works project for defining free content.
Pirate Party is a label adopted by political parties around the world. Pirate parties support civil rights, direct democracy (including e-democracy) or alternatively participation in government, reform of copyright and patent laws to make them more flexible and open to encourage innovation and creativity, use of free and open-source software, free sharing of knowledge (open content and open access), information privacy, transparency, freedom of information, free speech, anti-corruption, net neutrality and oppose mass surveillance, censorship and Big Tech.
Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-source model is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration. A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public.
Explores total scattering and PDF analysis in materials science, covering in-situ synthesis, data analysis techniques, and applications in host-guest systems.
Covers Zenodo, a general-purpose open-access repository developed under the European OpenAIRE program and operated by CERN, emphasizing the importance of publishing data and its key features.
In this paper the loaded polymer transport and its escape via a nanometer size aperture, virtually by nanomembrane, the polymer being moved by an exterior electrostatic field, has been studied. Assuming a linear dependency of the friction coefficient on th ...
MDPI2022
We generalize the fixed-point property for discrete groups acting on convex cones given by Monod in [23] to topological groups. At first, we focus on describing this fixed-point property from a functional point of view, and then we look at the class of gro ...