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Concept
Habilitation
Summary
Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a dissertation. The degree, sometimes abbreviated Dr. habil. (Doctor habilitatus) or PD (for Privatdozent), is a qualification for professorship in those countries. The conferral is usually accompanied by a lecture to a colloquium.
The term habilitation is derived from the Medieval Latin habilitare, meaning 'to make suitable, to fit', from Classical Latin habilis 'fit, proper, skillful'. The degree developed in Germany in the seventeenth century (1652). Initially, habilitation was synonymous with "doctoral qualification". The term became synonymous with "post-doctoral qualification" in Germany in the 19th century "when holding a doctorate seemed no longer sufficient to guarantee a proficient transfer of knowledge to the next generation". Afterwards, it became normal in the German university system to write two doctoral theses: the inaugural thesis (Inauguraldissertation), completing a course of study; and the habilitation thesis (Habilitationsschrift), which opens the road to a professorship.
Habilitation qualifications exist or existed in:
Algeria (Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 'accreditation to supervise research', abbreviated HDR)
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Lithuania (Habil. dr.; currently abolished and no longer conferred, but those who have earned the degree earlier will use it for life)
Austria (formerly Univ.-Doz., now Priv.-Doz.)
Belarus (Доктар навук, Łacinka: Doktar navuk)
Belgium (French-speaking part: Agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur, until 2010)
Brazil (Livre-docência)
Bulgaria (Доцент, Docent)
Czech Republic (doc., docent)
Denmark (dr. med./scient./phil.)
Egypt (العالمية Ālimiyya/Al-Azhar)
Finland (Dosentti/Docent)
France (Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 'accreditation to supervise research', abbreviated HDR)
Germany (Priv.-Doz. and/or Dr. habil.
Official source
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