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A concise, practical and stereoselective total synthesis of galantinic acid, constituent of the peptide antibiotic galantin, is reported. The title compound is obtained in six steps via Heathcock-Claisen condensation, Evans reduction and deprotection in 10 ...
The ligand N,N'-bis[6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (H4bpeda) was synthesized using an improved procedure which requires a reduced no. of steps and leads to a higher yield with respect to the published procedure. It was obtaine ...
4-Nitrophenyl (NP) sulfones were successfully employed in the modified Julia olefination reaction with carbonyl compds. The olefination reaction proceeds through a sequence of aldol addn., Smiles rearrangement, and elimination. The sulfones are easily prep ...
Phenotypic heterogeneity, defined as metastable variation in cellular parameters generated by epigenetic mechanisms, is crucial for the persistence of bacterial populations under fluctuating selective pressures. Diversity ensures that some individuals will ...
We have investigated some anodic and cathodic transformations using boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The oxidn. of a propargylic alc. as well as the arom. side chain oxidn. in water as electrolyte did not yield the desired products in high yield and s ...
A literature method reported for the prepn. of trifluoromethyl substituted benzenes from iodobenzene and congeners was successfully extended to the pyridine series. 2-Iodopyridines can be converted into 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridines almost quant. by displac ...
The influence of substrate compn. on the yield, nature, and compn. of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the food-grade strain G. xylinus I-2281 was investigated during controlled cultivations on mixed substrates contg. acetate and either glucose, sucros ...
This paper develops a framework for analyzing the impact of macroeconomic conditions on credit risk and dynamic capital structure choice. We begin by observing that when cash flows depend on current economic conditions, there will be a benefit for firms to ...
The two previously reported calculations of the amplitude distribution of speckles in optical coherence tomography, each based on a different mathematical formulation, yield different results. We show that a modification of an initial assumption in one of ...
Deterministic Network Calculus provides an elegant way to compute performance bounds, e.g. bounds on backlog, delay-jitter, loss ratio, and like. Such bounds are deterministic worst-case bounds. In some cases it is practically sensible that individual flow ...