Canada

Summary

Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. It is sparsely inhabited, with the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three Briti

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada

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Face à la problématique de congestion, conséquence de la démocratisation de l'automobile et du déplacement des aires d'habitation qui s'en suit, l'idéologie fonctionnaliste d'un urbanisme prétendument moderne croit pouvoir répondre aux maux de l'urbain par la production massive d'infrastructures autoroutières. La réalité urbaine contemporaine érige ainsi d'invisibles frontières au détriment des tissus existants et des métriques piétonnes. Montréal, alors capitale économique du Canada, décide, au contraire de sa sœur Toronto, d'épargner son ancien front portuaire, désormais tombé en désuétude, et choisit d'aménager l'axe autoroutier intra-urbain à la frontière des quartiers de l'ancienne ville. L'autoroute Ville-Marie, déployée en tranchée d'Est en Ouest forme une nouvelle “fortification” à l'échelle urbaine, isolant le Vieux-Montréal du reste de la ville, notamment la portion Sud du centre-ville où s'établissent les grandes institutions. L'immense vide linéaire, progressivement investit par de grands bâtiments à vocation internationale sera pourtant laissé tel quel à son moment le plus important, soit en devanture de l'Hôtel de ville et du Champ de Mars, vestige des anciennes fortifications. Toutefois, ce vide généré par le passage de l'infrastructure autoroutière aura permis l'établissement des infrastructures souterraines du métro et le réseau souterrain piétonnier. L'intervention proposée tirera ainsi à même les qualités et problématiques du contexte. En permettant la cicatrisation d'un tissu trop longtemps laissé ouvert, elle propose une réponse infrastructurelle aux besoins urbains des institutions de la ville nouvelle, tout en tirant profit de l'attractivité publique et récréative de la ville ancienne.

2011

Shipper Mistrust of Rail Use: First Stated Preference Carrier Choice Survey for the Quebec City - Windsor Corridor

The Quebec City-Windsor corridor is the busiest and most important trade and transportation corridor in Canada. The transportation sector is the second largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the country. Governments around the world, including Canada, are considering increased mode share by rail as a way to reduce transportation emissions. To understand whether freight mode shift is a realistic means to reduce transportation emissions, an analytical model is needed that can predict the effect of government policy on mode split. This paper presents the findings of the first such model developed for the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. The model itself is a stated preference carrier choice model of shippers in this busy corridor. The model was developed using the results of a stated preference survey undertaken in the fall of 2005. The survey was designed explicitly to evaluate shipper preferences for the carriage of intercity consignments, and particularly their preferences for carriers that contract the services of rail companies to carry these shipments via rail. The results of the study show that shippers are very mistrustful of using rail to move their consignments and suggests that increasing rails share of freight faces tremendous challenges.

2007

Shipper Mistrust of Rail Use: First Stated Preference Carrier Choice Survey for the Quebec City - Windsor Corridor

2007