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In and computer vision, image segmentation is the process of partitioning a into multiple image segments, also known as image regions or image objects (sets of pixels). The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves, etc.) in images. More precisely, image segmentation is the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain characteristics. The result of image segmentation is a set of segments that collectively cover the entire image, or a set of contours extracted from the image (see edge detection). Each of the pixels in a region are similar with respect to some characteristic or computed property such as color, intensity, or . Adjacent regions are significantly different color respect to the same characteristic(s). When applied to a stack of images, typical in medical imaging, the resulting contours after image segmentation can be used to create 3D reconstructions with the help of geometry reconstruction algorithms like marching cubes. Some of the practical applications of image segmentation are: Machine vision Medical imaging, including volume rendered images from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Locate tumors and other pathologies Measure tissue volumes Diagnosis, study of anatomical structure Surgery planning Virtual surgery simulation Intra-surgery navigation Radiotherapy Object detection Pedestrian detection Face detection Brake light detection Locate objects in satellite images (roads, forests, crops, etc.) Recognition Tasks Face recognition Fingerprint recognition Iris recognition Prohibited Item at Airport security checkpoints Traffic control systems Video surveillance Video object co-segmentation and action localization Several general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation.

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