The theory of imperialism refers to a range of theoretical approaches to understanding the expansion of capitalism into new areas, the unequal development of different countries, and economic systems that may lead to the dominance of some countries over others. These theories are considered distinct from other uses of the word imperialism which refer to the general tendency for empires throughout history to seek power and territorial expansion. The theory of imperialism is often associated with Marxist economics, but many theories were developed by non-Marxists. Most theories of imperialism, with the notable exception of ultra-imperialism, hold that imperialist exploitation leads to warfare, colonization, and international inequality.
While most theories of imperialism are associated with Marxism, Karl Marx never used the term imperialism, nor wrote about any comparable theories. However many writers have suggested that ideas integral to later theories of imperialism were present in Marx's writings. For example, Frank Richards in 1979 noted that already in the Grundrisse "Marx anticipated the Imperialist epoch."Marx, Karl Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft) Penguin 1973 p.650-651 Lucia Pradella has argued that there was already an immanent theory of imperialism in Marx's unpublished studies of the world economy.
Marx's theory of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall was considered particularly important to later theorists of imperialism, as it seemed to explain why capitalist enterprises consistently require areas of higher profitability to expand into. Marx also noted the need for the capitalist mode of production as a whole to constantly expand into new areas, writing that "‘The need of a constantly expanding market chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe. It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere."
Marx also argued that certain colonial societies’ backwardness could only be explained through external intervention.
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Le cours propose une introduction à l'histoire contemporaine du Japon et de la Chine: la réussite du processus de modernisation au Japon, puis le développement du militarisme, conduisent à une confron
Explores Marxism, globalisation, imperialism, and critiques of capitalism, culminating in a discussion on the changing nature of globalisation.
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Based on a seminal policy paper (Foray et al., 2009), the Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) approach was integrated into the reformed cohesion policy of the European Union for 2014-20. This large-scale European experience provides a unique case study of ...
OXFORD UNIV PRESS2018
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Through judicious molecular engineering, novel dopant-free star-shaped D-pi-A type hole transporting materials coded KR355, KR321, and KR353 were systematically designed, synthesized and characterized. KR321 has been revealed to form a particular face-on o ...