Concept

Soliton

Summary
In mathematics and physics, a soliton or solitary wave is a self-reinforcing wave packet that maintains its shape while it propagates at a constant velocity. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. (Dispersive effects are a property of certain systems where the speed of a wave depends on its frequency.) Solitons are the solutions of a widespread class of weakly nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations describing physical systems. The soliton phenomenon was first described in 1834 by John Scott Russell (1808–1882) who observed a solitary wave in the Union Canal in Scotland. He reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank and named it the "Wave of Translation". The name was coined by Zabusky and Kruskal to describe solutions to the Korteweg–de Vries equation which models waves of the type seen by Russell, with the name meant to refer to the solitary nature of the waves and the 'on' suffix mirroring the usage for particles such as
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