Residential area

Summary

A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses. Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small. Overview In certain residential areas, especially rural, large tracts of land may have no services whatever, such that residents seeking services must use a motor vehicle or other transportation, so the need for transportation has resulted in land development following existing or planned transport infrastructure such as rail and road. Development patterns may be r

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_area

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Energy retrofits of residential buildings in Brussels: What impacts on stocks and material flows?

LESO-PB, EPFL2015

The study uses a domestic dwelling as the setting to investigate and explore the applicability of daylighting metrics for residential buildings. The metrics address daylight provision for task and electric lighting usage. In addition to these it also investigates the formulation of preliminary metrics to evaluating the potential for non-visual effects. The setting, a residential building with and without skylights, was evaluated for all 32 combinations of eight European climates and four building orientations covering the cities of Hamburg, London, Madrid, Moscow, Ostersund, Paris, Rome and Warsaw. The evaluation is based on a real life renovation case in which new skylights have been added to the kitchen, living room, large and small bathrooms and staircase. This section summarises the findings based on 64 unique sets of climate-based daylight simulation (32 combinations x 2 design variants) in which three different aspects of daylight are evaluated: daylighting performance, energy savings for lighting and non-visual effects.

2012

Daylighting Metrics: Is there a relation between Useful Daylight Illuminance and Daylight Glare Probabilty?

Marilyne Andersen, Nicolas Roy

The establishment of climate-based daylight modeling within research and practice has led to a fundamental reassessment of both the basis and purpose of daylight metrics. Whilst there is no consensus yet on the precise nature of the metric(s) that should replace the daylight factor, it is generally agreed that these should be founded on climate-based daylight modeling (CBDM). In this paper we examine the relation between the predicted annual occurrence of glare and one of the candidate CBDM metrics that has been proposed, called useful daylight illuminance (UDI). The purpose is to determine if one or more of the UDI metrics (predicted for the horizontal workplane) could serve as a proxy for the probability of daylight glare (i.e. a measure of vertical illuminance received at the eye). For glare we use the simplified daylight glare probability model. The setting is a residential building which we use as a ‘virtual laboratory’ in two design configurations, each evaluated under all 32 combinations of 8 European climates and 4 building orientations.

2012