Rogue wave | EPFL Graph Search

Rogue waves (also known as freak waves, monster waves, episodic waves, killer waves, extreme waves, and abnormal waves) are unusually large, unpredictable, and suddenly appearing surface waves that can be extremely dangerous to ships, even to large ones. They are distinct from tsunamis, which are often almost unnoticeable in deep waters and are caused by the displacement of water due to other phenomena (such as earthquakes). A rogue wave appearing at the shore is sometimes referred to as a sneaker wave. In oceanography, rogue waves are more precisely defined as waves whose height is more than twice the significant wave height (Hs or SWH), which is itself defined as the mean of the largest third of waves in a wave record. Therefore, rogue waves are not necessarily the biggest waves found on the water; they are, rather, unusually large waves for a given sea state. Rogue waves seem not to have a single distinct cause, but occur where physical factors such as high winds and st

Roadmap on optical rogue waves and extreme events

Krassimir Panajotov, Yiqi Zhang

The pioneering paper 'Optical rogue waves' by Solli et al (2007 Nature 450 1054) started the new subfield in optics. This work launched a great deal of activity on this novel subject. As a result, the initial concept has expanded and has been enriched by new ideas. Various approaches have been suggested since then. A fresh look at the older results and new discoveries has been undertaken, stimulated by the concept of 'optical rogue waves'. Presently, there may not by a unique view on how this new scientific term should be used and developed. There is nothing surprising when the opinion of the experts diverge in any new field of research. After all, rogue waves may appear for a multiplicity of reasons and not necessarily only in optical fibers and not only in the process of supercontinuum generation. We know by now that rogue waves may be generated by lasers, appear in wide aperture cavities, in plasmas and in a variety of other optical systems. Theorists, in turn, have suggested many other situations when rogue waves may be observed. The strict definition of a rogue wave is still an open question. For example, it has been suggested that it is defined as 'an optical pulse whose amplitude or intensity is much higher than that of the surrounding pulses'. This definition (as suggested by a peer reviewer) is clear at the intuitive level and can be easily extended to the case of spatial beams although additional clarifications are still needed. An extended definition has been presented earlier by N Akhmediev and E Pelinovsky (2010 Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 185 1-4). Discussions along these lines are always useful and all new approaches stimulate research and encourage discoveries of new phenomena. Despite the potentially existing disagreements, the scientific terms 'optical rogue waves' and 'extreme events' do exist. Therefore coordination of our efforts in either unifying the concept or in introducing alternative definitions must be continued. From this point of view, a number of the scientists who work in this area of research have come together to present their research in a single review article that will greatly benefit all interested parties of this research direction. Whether the authors of this 'roadmap' have similar views or different from the original concept, the potential reader of the review will enrich their knowledge by encountering most of the existing views on the subject. Previously, a special issue on optical rogue waves (2013 J. Opt. 15 060201) was successful in achieving this goal but over two years have passed and more material has been published in this quickly emerging subject. Thus, it is time for a roadmap that may stimulate and encourage further research.

Iop Publishing Ltd2016

Structural Response of ‘’La Jument’’ Lighthouse under Extreme Wave Loading – Analysis and Concept of Maintenance

Nizar Jaber

Ancient off-shore lighthouses have a phenomenal cultural significance. They were built as physical aid for navigation to guide mariners and to warn them from dangerous shallow rocky reefs. Understanding their structural response under waves loading is a challenging task. La Jument lighthouse, off the coast of Brittany, has sustained extreme environmental loading for more than 110 years. The main motivation of the present study is to characterize its structural response under extreme waves loading by 3D Finite Element Modeling using the commercial software DIANA. The model is calibrated based on the data collected from accelerometers and photographical documentations during a measurement campaign in winter 2018 in which the highest wave recorded with 19 meters height is considered for this study. The effect on the lighthouse’s structural response of slamming pressure magnitude, tide level, and slamming area is investigated in a parametric study. The predictions of the FE model were comparable to the actual measurements confirming the main hypothesis in this study. The tide level was proven to be an important factor contributing to the structural response parameters. The FE model suggested 230 kPa as the most likely pressure of the wave under consideration. Moreover, intervention methods using UHPFRC combined with a measurement campaign are proposed to preserve the outstanding cultural significance of La Jument lighthouse. Extending the life of off-shore lighthouses is essential to understand non-linear characteristics of extreme waves in future field measurements which helps validating numerical computations and removing uncertainties about their dynamic behavior.

2022

Local Emergence of Peregrine Solitons: Experiments and Theory

Alexey Tikan

It has been shown analytically that Peregrine solitons emerge locally from a universal mechanism in the so-called semiclassical limit of the one-dimensional focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Experimentally, this limit corresponds to the strongly nonlinear regime where the dispersion is much weaker than nonlinearity at initial time. We review here evidences of this phenomenon obtained on different experimental platforms. In particular, the spontaneous emergence of coherent structures exhibiting locally the Peregrine soliton behavior has been demonstrated in optical fiber experiments involving either single pulse or partially coherent waves. We also review theoretical and numerical results showing the link between this phenomenon and the emergence of heavy-tailed statistics (rogue waves).

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2021

Roadmap on optical rogue waves and extreme events

Krassimir Panajotov, Yiqi Zhang

Iop Publishing Ltd2016