Abstract simplicial complex

Summary

In combinatorics, an abstract simplicial complex (ASC), often called an abstract complex or just a complex, is a family of sets that is closed under taking subsets, i.e., every subset of a set in the family is also in the family. It is a purely combinatorial description of the geometric notion of a simplicial complex. For example, in a 2-dimensional simplicial complex, the sets in the family are the triangles (sets of size 3), their edges (sets of size 2), and their vertices (sets of size 1). In the context of matroids and greedoids, abstract simplicial complexes are also called independence systems. An abstract simplex can be studied algebraically by forming its Stanley–Reisner ring; this sets up a powerful relation between combinatorics and commutative algebra. Definitions A collection Δ of non-empty finite subsets of a set S is called a set-family. A set-family Δ is called an abstract simplicial complex if, for every set X in Δ, and every non-empty subset

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_simplicial_complex

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Collapsing cell complexes was first introduced in the 1930's as a way to deform a space into a topological-equivalent subspace with a sequence of elementary moves. Recently, discrete Morse theory techniques provided an efficient way to construct deformation retracts collapsing one space into the other while preserving global topological properties. This type of collapse, called a Morse matching, has been widely used to speed up computations in (persistent) homology by reducing the size of complexes. Unlike classical collapses, in this thesis we consider topological spaces equipped with signals or directions. The main goal is then to reduce the size of the spaces while preserving as much as possible of both the topological structure and the properties of the signals or the directions. In the first part of the thesis we explore collapsing in topological signal processing. In this context, each signal on the cells of a complex is processed using the combinatorial Laplacian and the resultant Hodge decomposition.In Article 2.1 we provide an approach to signal compression and reconstruction on chain complexes that leverages the tools of algebraic discrete Morse theory. We first prove that any deformation retract of real finite-dimensional based chain complex is equivalent to a Morse matching. We then study the interaction between the Hodge decomposition and signal compression and reconstruction. Specifically, we prove that parts of a signal's Hodge decomposition are preserved under compression and reconstruction for specific classes of discrete Morse deformation retracts of a given based chain complex. Finally, we provide an algorithm to compute Morse matchings with minimal reconstruction error.Complementary to our theoretic results in topological signal processing, we provide two applications in this field. Article 2.2 extends graph convolutional neural networks to simplicial complexes, while Article 2.3 presents a novel algorithm, inspired by the well-known spectral clustering algorithm, to embed simplices in a Euclidean space. The object of our studies in the second part of the thesis is topological spaces equipped with a sense of direction. In the directed setting, the topology of the space is characterized by directed paths between fixed initial and terminal points. Motivated by applications in concurrent programs, we focus on directed Euclidean cubical complexes and their spaces of directed paths.In Article 3.1 we define a notion of directed collapsibility for Euclidean cubical complexes using the notion of past links, a combinatorial local representations of cubical complexes. We show that this notion of collapsability preserves given properties of the directed path spaces. In particular, we give sufficient conditions for a directed Euclidean cubical complex to have a contractible or a connected space of directed paths from a fixed initial vertex.In Article 3.2 we extend these results, providing further conditions for directed collapses to preserve the contractability or conneectdness of spaces of directed paths. Furthermore, we provide simple combinatorial conditions for preserving the topology of past links. These conditions are the first step towards developing an algorithm that checks at each iteration if a collapse preserves certain properties of the directed space.

EPFL2022

Lq,p-cohomology of Riemannian manifolds and simplicial complexes of bounded geometry

Stephen Ducret

The Lq,p-cohomology of a Riemannian manifold (M, g) is defined to be the quotient of closed Lp-forms, modulo the exact forms which are derivatives of Lq-forms, where the measure considered comes from the Riemannian structure. The Lq,p-cohomology of a simplicial complex K is defined to be the quotient of p-summable cocycles of K, modulo the coboundaries of q-summable cocycles. We introduce those two notions together with a variant for coarse cohomology on graphs, and we establish their main properties. We define the categories we work on, i.e. manifolds and simplicial complexes of bounded geometry, and we show how cohomology classes can be represented by smooth forms. The first result of the thesis is a de Rham type theorem: we prove that for an orientable, complete and (non compact) Riemannian manifold with bounded geometry (M, g) together with a triangulation K with bounded geometry, the Lq,p-cohomology of the manifold coincides with the Lq,p-cohomology of the triangulation. This is a generalization of an earlier result from Gol'dshtein, Kuz'minov and Shvedov. The second result is a quasi-isometry invariance one: we prove how this de Rham type isomorphism together with a result in coarse cohomology induces the fact that the Lq,p-cohomology of a Riemannian manifold depends only on its quasi-invariance class. This result was proved in the q = p case by Elek. We establish some consequences, such as monocity results for Lq,p-cohomology, and the quasi-isometry invariance of the existence of Sobolev inequalities.

EPFL2009

Connecting Hodge and Sakaguchi-Kuramoto through a mathematical framework for coupled oscillators on simplicial complexes

Alexis Arnaudon

Phase synchronizations in models of coupled oscillators such as the Kuramoto model have been widely studied with pairwise couplings on arbitrary topologies, showing many unexpected dynamical behaviors. Here, based on a recent formulation the Kuramoto model on weighted simplicial complexes with phases supported on simplices of any order k, we introduce linear and non-linear frustration terms independent of the orientation of the k + 1 simplices, as a natural generalization of the Sakaguchi-Kuramoto model to simplicial complexes. With increasingly complex simplicial complexes, we study the the dynamics of the edge simplicial Sakaguchi-Kuramoto model with nonlinear frustration to highlight the complexity of emerging dynamical behaviors. We discover various dynamical phenomena, such as the partial loss of synchronization in subspaces aligned with the Hodge subspaces and the emergence of simplicial phase re-locking in regimes of high frustration. Synchronization dynamics in the presence of higher order interactions is well represented through variations of the Kuramoto model and subject of current interest. Here, the authors study and characterize the behavior of the simplicial Kuramoto model with weights on any simplices and in the presence of linear and nonlinear frustration, defined as the simplicial Sakaguchi-Kuramoto model.

NATURE PORTFOLIO2022

EPFL2022