Blender (software)

Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software tool set used for creating animated films, visual effects, art, 3D-printed models, motion graphics, interactive 3D applications, virtual reality, and, formerly, video games. Blender's features include 3D modelling, UV mapping, texturing, digital drawing, raster graphics editing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, soft body simulation, sculpting, animation, match moving, rendering, motion graphics, video editing, and compositing. History Blender was initially developed as an in-house application by the Dutch animation studio NeoGeo, and was officially launched on January 2, 1994. Version 1.00 was released in January 1995, with the primary author being company co-owner and software developer Ton Roosendaal. The name Blender was inspired by a song by the Swiss electronic band Yello, from the album Baby, which NeoGeo used in its showreel. Some design choices and experiences for

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Charge sensing properties ofmonolithic CMOS pixel sensors fabricated in a 65 nm technology

Francesco Piro

In this work the initial performance studies of the first small monolithic pixel sensors dedicated to charged particle detection, called CE-65, fabricated in the 65nm TowerJazz Panasonic Semiconductor Company are presented. The tested prototypes comprise matrices of 64 x 32 square analogue-output pixels with a pitch of 15 mu m. Different pixel types explore several sensing node geometries and amplification schemes, which allows for various biasing voltage of the detection layer and hence depletion conditions and electric field shaping. Laboratory tests conducted with a Fe-55 source demonstrated that the CE-65 sensors reach equivalent noise charge in the 15 to 25 e(-) range and excellent charge collection efficiencies. Charge sharing is substantial for standard diodes, but can be largely suppressed by modifying their design. Depletion of the thin sensitive layer saturates at a reverse diode bias of about 5 V.

ELSEVIER2022

NeuroMorph: A Software Toolset for 3D Analysis of Neurite Morphology and Connectivity

Jérôme Blanc, Anne Alison Jorstad, Graham Knott

The geometries of axons, dendrites and their synaptic connections provide important information about their functional properties. These can be collected directly from measurements made on serial electron microscopy images. However, manual and automated segmentation methods can also yield large and accurate models of neuronal architecture from which morphometric data can be gathered in 3D space. This technical paper presents a series of software tools, operating in the Blender open source software, for the quantitative analysis of axons and their synaptic connections. These allow the user to annotate serial EM images to generate models of different cellular structures, or to make measurements of models generated in other software. The paper explains how the tools can measure the cross-sectional surface area at regular intervals along the length of an axon, and the amount of contact with other cellular elements in the surrounding neuropil, as well as the density of organelles, such as vesicles and mitochondria, that it contains. Nearest distance measurements, in 3D space, can also be made between any features. This provides many capabilities such as the detection of boutons and the evaluation of different vesicle pool sizes, allowing users to comprehensively describe many aspects of axonal morphology and connectivity.

2018

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