Concept

Constitution of Luxembourg

Summary
The Constitution of Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerger Constitutioun/Verfassung; Constitution du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg) is the supreme law of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The modern constitution was adopted on 17 October 1868. Whilst the constitution of 1868 marked a radical change in Luxembourg's constitutional settlement, it was technically an amendment of the original constitution. That original constitution was promulgated on 12 October 1841, came into effect on 1 January 1842, and was acutely amended on 20 March 1848, and again on 27 November 1856. Luxembourg first emerged as a legitimate principality in the 14th century. It lived under successive Burgundian, Spanish, French, Austrian sovereignty, until 1815 when the Congress of Vienna erected it into a grand duchy and assigned it to William I, King of the Netherlands. However, it was not annexed to the Kingdom of the Netherlands; instead, it formed a personal union within the German Confederation created by the Congress of Vienna. When the 1866 Austro-Prussian War led to the dissolution of the German Confederation, the Treaty of London (11 May 1867), which was drawn up in the resolution of the Austro-Prussian War, established the independence of the German-speaking part of Luxembourg. Through the political instability from 1815 to 1868, Luxembourg was governed by five different constitutional documents. The recognition of Luxembourg as an independent state in 1868 called for yet another revision of the fifth Constitution of 1856. William III agreed to grant a more liberal constitution which went on to constitute the modern 1868 Constitution which is in use today. The new Constitution confirmed the principle of constitutional monarchy and the international status of Luxembourg, declaring it to be an "independent, indivisible, inalienable and eternally neutral" state. Although it was first adopted on 17 October 1868, the Constitution has since been amended many times in order to adapt with the evolving times. In Luxembourg, the Constitution is considered the supreme legal rule of the state.
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