Euro

Summary

The euro (symbol: €; currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is officially known as the euro area or, commonly, the eurozone, and includes about 344 million citizens . The euro is divided into 100 euro cents. The currency is also used officially by the institutions of the European Union, by four European microstates that are not EU members, the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, as well as unilaterally by Montenegro and Kosovo. Outside Europe, a number of special territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency. Additionally, over 200 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to the euro. The euro is the second-largest reserve currency as well as the second-most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar. with more than €1.3 trillion in circulation, the euro has one of the highest combined valu

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro

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This course gives the framework and tools for understanding economic events, taking financial decisions and evaluating investment opportunities in a global economy. It builds up an integrated model of exchange rate and output determination, and explains how monetary and fiscal policies work.

This course provides students with a working knowledge of macroeconomic models that explicitly incorporate financial markets. The goal is to develop a broad and analytical framework for analyzing the interaction of financial decisions, macroeconomic events and policy decisions.

The objective of this course is to provide a detailed coverage of the standard models for the valuation and hedging of derivatives products such as European options, American options, forward contracts, futures contract and exotic options.

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Rome, vers une ville multipolaire. Requalification du quartier de l'EUR à Rome (I)

Thierry Décosterd

Rome s'achemine vers une organisation multipolaire, comme le laisse transparaître le nouveau plan régulateur datant de l'année 2000. Une évolution qui se répercute sur un quartier longtemps renié pour son image fasciste : l'EUR. La future implantation du centre de congrès, sa situation stratégique, ses parcs et son architecture intemporelle en font un quartier aisément identifiable quant au reste de la ville. Fort de ces prédispositions, le quartier aspire désormais à devenir un véritable pôle de la périphérie de Rome. Le projet intervient donc sur ce qui fut le point faible du plan élaboré par Piacentini, une zone centrale inexploitée agissant comme une frontière entre la zone résidentielle et le centre administratif, en lui offrant un véritable centre physique et un réel encrage au niveau urbain. Une transformation urbaine qui propose : - la ligne de tram reliant l'EUR aux diverses agglomérations du sud; - l'ouverture sur le parc de l'arrivée principale du métro; - la création d'un lungoverde établissant clairement la limite du centre administratif et le cœur du quartier; - le signe fort abritant notamment un hôtel dont le jeu des masses avec les tours existantes permet de mieux définir le parc; - la requalification du parc, afin que celui-ci devienne un véritable prolongement de la zone sud, permettant d'accueillir diverses activités; - de revisiter les infrastructures routières en y intégrant une promenade surélevée et divers programmes en relation avec le parc.

2005

On the Benefits of a Monetary Union: Does it Pay to Be Bigger?

Chiara Forlati

This paper revisits the question of the appropriate domain of a currency area using a New-Keynesian open economy model in which the world is split in two areas, each framed as a continuum of small open regions. We show that the adoption of a common currency like the euro can be beneficial for the members of the monetary union, since the spill-over effects within and across areas generated by the inflationary policies of the small open economies are likely to outweigh the costs of not tailoring monetary policy to country-specific shocks. We also show that while enlargement of the monetary union to another group of small open economies can bring about welfare gains for all countries involved, monetary integration of two large economies, such as the euro area and the U.S., will not. These findings can rationalize the process of the creation and enlargement of the eurozone.

Center for Fiscal Policy Working Paper Series2013