Carbonate equilibriumExplores the equilibrium in carbonate systems, including species like H₂CO3 and HCO3, with examples and exercises.
Second Law of ThermodynamicsExplores the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Gibbs Free Energy, equilibrium constants, and Le Châtelier's Principle.
Thermodynamic EquilibriumCovers the law of mass action, equilibrium establishment, and application examples in thermodynamics.