Respiratory System: Introduction and Anatomy

This lecture covers the basic principles of ventilation and respiration, including the role of ventilation in air movement, the role of respiration in gas exchange, and the anatomy of the lungs, pleura, and airways. It also discusses the structure and function of the respiratory system, focusing on convective and diffusive mechanisms, gas exchange, and the distribution of gases. The lecture further explores the specific compartments involved in respiratory function, the anatomical features of the thorax, airway anatomy, and the functional anatomy of the alveoli. Additionally, it delves into the intricate ultrastructure of tracheal, bronchial, and bronchiolar epithelium, providing insights into the respiratory airways' lining and cellular composition.

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BIO-377: Physiology by systems

Le but est de connaitre et comprendre le fonctionnement des systèmes cardiovasculaire, urinaire, respiratoire, digestif, ainsi que du métabolisme de base et sa régulation afin de déveloper une réflect

Respiratory system

The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs; in mammals and reptiles these are called alveoli, and in birds they are known as atria.

Respiratory tract

The respiratory tract is the subdivision of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration in mammals. The respiratory tract is lined with respiratory epithelium as respiratory mucosa. Air is breathed in through the nose to the nasal cavity, where a layer of nasal mucosa acts as a filter and traps pollutants and other harmful substances found in the air. Next, air moves into the pharynx, a passage that contains the intersection between the oesophagus and the larynx.

Lung

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the air and transfer it into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange.

Respiratory therapist

A respiratory therapist is a specialized healthcare practitioner trained in critical care and cardio-pulmonary medicine in order to work therapeutically with people who have acute critical conditions, cardiac and pulmonary disease. Respiratory therapists sometimes graduate from a college or university with a degree in respiratory therapy and have passed a national board certifying examination.

Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic.

Respiratory System: Introduction and Anatomy BIO-377: Physiology by systems

Covers the basic principles of ventilation and respiration, emphasizing the anatomy of the respiratory system and the structure of the alveoli.

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Covers corrections and case studies related to respiratory physiology, focusing on lung capacity and breathing rates.

Respiratory Physiology: Ventilation and Gas Exchange BIO-377: Physiology by systems

Delves into respiratory physiology, emphasizing ventilation and gas exchange.

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Covers the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, including gas exchange and blood transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Explains the function of the respiratory system, emphasizing ventilation and muscle movements.