Thermodynamics: Entropy, Spontaneity, and Free Energy

This lecture covers the concepts of heat capacity, specific heat, the first principle of thermodynamics, spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, entropy, reversible and irreversible processes, the second law of thermodynamics, absolute entropy, standard molar entropy, endothermic reactions, Gibbs free energy, and the third law of thermodynamics. It explains how to predict the spontaneity of a reaction, the relationship between entropy and disorder, and the criteria for spontaneity in chemical reactions. The lecture also delves into the concept of free enthalpy, the stability of compounds, and the equilibrium composition of reactions.