This lecture covers the structure and function of gene regulatory networks, focusing on the role of transcription factors in reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. It explains the process of reprogramming using the Yamanaka cocktail of transcription factors and the molecular mechanisms involved. The lecture also discusses the identification of network nodes, the binding sites of transcription factors, and the concept of SMILE-seq for motif discovery. Additionally, it explores the correlation between Hox gene expression boundaries and morphological boundaries in different species.