This lecture covers various water treatment technologies and processes used in different scenarios, such as karstic water treatment, lake water treatment, and groundwater remediation. It discusses the parameters measured in different water types, the treatment steps involved in each process, including flocculation, filtration, ozonation, and biological treatments, as well as the challenges faced in iron and manganese removal. The lecture also delves into the importance of pH adjustment, pre-ozonation, and activated carbon filtration in ensuring water quality.