This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of classical thermodynamics, including the universality of thermodynamics, classical mechanics, classical thermodynamics, idealizations in thermodynamics, the role of thermodynamics in cell biology, thermodynamics predictions, microscopic thermodynamics, a brief history of thermodynamics, phases, equilibrium, types of processes, work, internal energy, the first law of thermodynamics, reversible processes, exact and inexact differentials, and the role of thermodynamics in the cellular world.