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This lecture covers the process of finding an initial Basic Feasible Solution (BFS) for linear optimization problems, focusing on the Simplex Algorithm. It explains how to handle cases where an initial BFS is not readily available, introducing the concept of an Auxiliary Problem to facilitate the search for the BFS. The lecture delves into the mechanics of driving artificial variables out of the basis and provides examples to illustrate the concepts discussed. It also explores the Two-Phase Simplex method and the duality theory, emphasizing the relationship between primal and dual problems in linear optimization.