This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of Newton's Laws of Motion, including the relationship between force and momentum, the second law in mathematical terms, the third law of action-reaction, and the conservation of momentum. It also discusses the errors to avoid when applying the action-reaction law, the definition of a system under consideration, and the distinction between internal and external forces. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of the four fundamental interactions in physics: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces.