This lecture by the instructor explores the complex interplay between social and technical systems in the context of the energy transition. Key topics include the transition process, SDG targets, EU renewable energy goals, energy consumption patterns, and the energy strategy of Switzerland. The lecture delves into the challenges and opportunities at the regional level, focusing on case studies from Austria. It also discusses the role of local initiatives, research questions related to energy transitions, and the factors influencing the selection and evaluation of energy efficiency measures in buildings.