This lecture covers the concept of quadratic forms in IR³, focusing on determining the matrix A for a given quadratic form. The instructor explains how to write a quadratic form in matrix form, emphasizing the properties of symmetric and orthogonal matrices. The lecture also delves into the diagonalization of matrices and the importance of symmetric matrices in quadratic forms. Additionally, the instructor demonstrates how to find the principal values of a quadratic form and discusses the significance of positive definite matrices in this context.