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This lecture introduces the GPU rendering pipeline, contrasting it with ray tracing. The instructor explains the challenges of ray tracing, such as intersecting rays with objects, and the benefits of rasterization, which involves mapping objects to pixels. The lecture covers transformations, projections, lighting, and shading in computer graphics, emphasizing the shift from a complex ray tracing algorithm to a faster rasterization pipeline. The instructor also discusses the hardware implementation of the pipeline and the use of WebGL for graphics programming.