Acids and Bases: Buffer Solutions

This lecture covers the concept of buffer solutions, which resist changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base. It explains the composition of a buffer solution, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and the calculation of pH in buffer solutions. The lecture also discusses the preparation of buffer solutions, the buffering effect at the equivalence point, and the titration of weak acids by strong bases. Additionally, it explores polyprotic acids and bases, their equilibrium constants, and the charge of amino acids at different pH levels.