This lecture explores robotics applications for understanding and assisting neurodiversity, focusing on developmental disorders like autism and ADHD. It discusses the importance of neurodiversity in the workplace, drawing on examples from companies like Google and Microsoft. The lecture delves into predictive coding as a unified principle of the human brain, emphasizing the perception-action cycle to minimize prediction errors. It also covers the development of representational drawing in children, highlighting the diversity in drawing styles and the influence of aberrant predictions on drawing abilities. The lecture concludes with insights on reducing stigma through experiencing ASD simulators and the potential of robots in sharing and translating neurodiversity beyond assistive robotics.