This lecture covers the concepts of rectilinear movement, vector algebra, scalar products, and vector decomposition. It explains the geometric interpretation of vectors, orthogonal components, and the decomposition of vectors in a three-dimensional space. The instructor demonstrates how to express vectors in a Cartesian coordinate system and discusses the scalar and vector products. Additionally, the lecture explores the projection of vectors, unit vectors, and the geometric interpretation of vector operations. Practical exercises on vector decomposition and scalar products are also included.