This lecture covers the computational aspects of optimization in neuron modeling, focusing on dealing with underconstrained parameters, parameter optimization, and metaheuristics. It discusses the use of fitness functions, multiobjective optimization, and successful fitting of neuron firing patterns. The instructor presents the challenges of recreating experimental firing types, overfitting, and generalization in neuron models, emphasizing the importance of deriving parameters from experimental data and using metaheuristics like evolutionary algorithms for parameter optimization.