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This lecture covers the optimization of low-power design in MOSFET transistors, focusing on transconductance efficiency-based design for low-noise and low-power optimization. It explains the relationship between the inversion coefficient (IC) and the operation regime of transistors in a design, categorizing them into weak, moderate, and strong inversion. The lecture also delves into optimizing transconductance efficiency to achieve maximum performance for a given current. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of different inversion coefficients on noise and trade-offs in design optimizations, showcasing practical examples of biopotential OTA designs and the benefits of chopper stabilization and autozeroing techniques.