This lecture explores the historical development of agriculture and its impact on human societies, focusing on the major events and technical revolutions since the Paleolithic period. It delves into the spread of Homo sapiens, the domestication of fire, the first technical revolution, and the rise and fall of ancient empires like Ancient Greece. The lecture also discusses the importance of centralized authority in conflict resolution, the role of hydraulic systems in agriculture, and the evolution of urban social structures. It concludes by examining the architectural and technological advancements in ancient civilizations, particularly in Greece and Rome.