Microscopy: Imaging Systems and Techniques

This lecture introduces the fundamentals of microscopy and imaging systems, explaining the need for microscopes to magnify objects for better visibility. It covers topics such as the functioning of lenses, the concept of near point, and the use of magnifying glasses. The lecture delves into the principles of geometrical optics, discussing convex lenses, focal distances, and the creation of real and virtual images. It also explores compound microscopes, infinity microscopes, and microscope objectives, emphasizing the importance of quality objectives for image clarity. Additionally, it touches on darkfield and phase contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and super resolution techniques like structured illumination microscopy and STED. The lecture concludes by highlighting the significance of super resolution microscopy in overcoming the diffraction barrier.