Thermodynamics: System, Surface Actions, and Typology

This lecture introduces the concept of a thermodynamic system, which can be a body, substance, or set of substances under study. It covers the classification of systems based on surface actions and internal constitution, including isolated, closed, open, and adiabatic systems. The lecture also discusses the types of systems and their schematic representations, such as closed adiabatic systems with or without work, open adiabatic systems without work, and open adiabatic systems with work. Additionally, it explores the actions at the surface of a system and the typology of thermodynamic systems based on homogeneity, heterogeneity, and composite nature. Examples like water vapor and mixtures of immiscible substances are used to illustrate these concepts.