Phase Diagrams: Understanding Phases and Transformations

This lecture introduces the concept of phase diagrams, focusing on the transitions between solid, liquid, and vapor for pure substances, as well as the mixing of different atoms or molecules to form phases. The formation of microstructures, which impact the mechanical and functional properties of materials, is also discussed. Examples of eutectic and peritectic systems, as well as the germination and growth of new phases, are explored. The lecture covers the rules of Gibbs phases, lever rule, and the identification of eutectic and peritectic points in phase diagrams.