This lecture discusses the concept of absolute decoupling, focusing on the reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. The instructor explains how efficiency improvements in power plants and industrial processes can lead to a decrease in SO2 emissions. The importance of regulations and technological solutions, such as filters, in reducing SO2 emissions is highlighted. The lecture also explores the environmental impact of SO2 emissions, particularly in causing acid rain and forest damage. Additionally, the concept of the rebound effect is introduced, where the instructor guides the audience through calculating the impact of increased fuel efficiency on energy consumption and driving behavior.