This lecture explores the concepts of relative and absolute decoupling in the context of power sector CO₂ emissions and electricity generation in advanced economies. It delves into the decoupling trends observed in Switzerland and globally, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for achieving decoupling. The lecture also discusses different types of targets for environmental impacts, focusing on GHG emissions, and examines case studies such as China's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC). Lessons learned from countries that have successfully decoupled their energy use and CO₂ emissions from economic growth are also presented.