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This lecture on epigenetics covers the structural adaptation of chromosomal regions to influence gene expression through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. It explores how epigenetic changes can determine cell differentiation, react to environmental factors, and contribute to diseases like Alzheimer's and stress-related disorders. The discussion extends to the inheritance of epigenetic modifications across developmental stages, biological ages, and environmental influences, showcasing their impact on disease development and cellular differentiation.