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This lecture covers the principles and applications of large-area sensors, focusing on flat panel imagers, X-ray imaging, medical imaging, security, and non-destructive testing. It explains the operation of position sensitive devices (PSD) and their different types, such as c-Si PSD and thin-film PSD. The lecture also delves into the interaction of particles with matter, stopping power, energy loss for charged particles, and electron-hole pair creation. Additionally, it discusses photon interaction with matter, including photon absorption length, direct and indirect detection methods for X-rays, and the energy transfer processes involved. The content is supported by detailed explanations and diagrams.