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A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics

Paramvir Ahlawat, Masaud Hassan S Almalki, Viacheslav Bolnykh, Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Anurag Krishna, Linfeng Pan, Dan Ren, Ursula Röthlisberger, Sandy Sanchez Alonso, Tzu-Sen Su, Narges Yaghoobi Nia, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin, Hong Zhang

Cost management and toxic waste generation are two key issues that must be addressed before the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. We report a ground-breaking strategy for eco-friendly and cost-effective fabrication of highly efficient perovskitesolar cells. This strategy involves the usage of a high volatility co-solvent, which dilutesperovskite precursors to a lower concentration (1.4 M) solution. More than 70% of toxicwaste and material cost can be reduced. Mechanistic insights reveal ultra-rapid evaporationof the co-solvent together with beneficial alteration of the precursor colloidal chemistryupon dilution with co-solvent, which in-situ studies and theoretical simulations confirm.The co-solvent tuned precursor colloidal properties also contribute to the enhancement ofthe stability of precursor solution, which extends its processing window thus minimizing thewaste. This strategy is universally successful across different perovskite compositions, andscales from small devices to large-scale modules using industrial spin-coating, potentiallyeasing the lab-to-fab translation of perovskite technologies.

2022

Flash Infrared Pulse Time Control of Perovskite Crystal Nucleation and Growth from Solution

Michael Saliba, Sandy Sanchez Alonso

Flash infrared annealing (FIRA) of perovskite films enables manufacturing compact perovskite layers for photovoltaic devices. Here, a variable infrared pulse length to control crystal nucleation and growth in perovskite films is investigated. By varying the FIRA parameters, high-quality films are fabricated of fully inorganic and hybrid perovskites. Furthermore, film characterizations are analyzed for each FIRA protocol, unveiling the nature of the film growth. This demonstrates the versatility of FIRA and establishes it as a fast synthesis process, which provides detailed control over the perovskite morphology and crystallinity.

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2020

Highly efficient and rapid manufactured perovskite solar cells via Flash InfraRed Annealing

Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Michael Saliba, Sandy Sanchez Alonso

This work unveils how to quickly manufacture highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using the Flash InfraRed Annealing (FIRA) method. With FIRA, the titanium oxide mesoscopic layer can be synthesized in only 10 min, and the synthesis of the perovskite film takes a few seconds. All is done in one place and continuously, allowing a better synchronization of the manufacturing process with high reproducibility. For this purpose, a new perovskite composition based on formamidinium (FA) lead iodide combined with a passivation post-treatment has been optimized, improving the film quality for PSCs. Here we show a step forward into the industrial application of the FIRA method in PSCs.

2020