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A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. In some regions, the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone, riparian corridor, and riparian strip are used to characterize a riparian zone. The word riparian is derived from Latin ripa, meaning "river bank". Riparian is also the proper nomenclature for one of the terrestrial biomes of the Earth. Plant habitats and communities along the river margins and banks are called riparian vegetation, characterized by hydrophilic plants.
Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes to distinguish them from algae and other microphytes. A macrophyte is a plant that grows in or near water and is either emergent, submergent, or floating. In lakes and rivers macrophytes provide cover for fish, substrate for aquatic invertebrates, produce oxygen, and act as food for some fish and wildlife.
Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. It is broader than the term flora which refers to species composition. Perhaps the closest synonym is plant community, but vegetation can, and often does, refer to a wider range of spatial scales than that term does, including scales as large as the global.
Alternate bars are bedforms recognizable in straight or weakly curved channels as a result of riverbed instability. The length and height of alternate bars scale with the river width and the water depth, respectively. During low water stages, alternate bar ...
The Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) is a quantitative index that determines the capacity of a given area to meet habitat requirements for a specific species with respect to given variables. The degree of universality of this index is not well understood ye ...
We apply the stochastic-trajectory analysis to derive exact expressions for the mean first passage times of jump-and-drift transition paths across two or more consecutive thresholds. We perform the analysis of the crossing statistics in terms of dimensionl ...