Coding gaze tracking data with chromatic gradients for VR exposure therapy

Pablo Stanislaw De Heras Ciechomski, Helena Stephanie Grillon Le Gallennec, Bruno Herbelin, Daniel Thalmann
2007
Conference paper

Abstract

This article presents a simple and intuitive way to represent the eye-tracking data gathered during immersive virtual reality exposure therapy sessions. Eye-tracking technology can be used to observe gaze avoidance behaviors to provide cognitive and behavioral therapists with valuable information on the severity of a phobic disorder. However, basic eye-tracking systems only supply 2D gaze point coordinates on the recorded video images of the subject’s view. The use of eye-tracking during virtual reality sessions allows to directly associate the gaze behavior to the 3D environment. The gaze-map color coding presented here uses a color picking technique and a specific data representation which provides precise visual gaze information per 3D object. This article presents our technological solution and its relevance for therapeutic needs, as well as the experiments performed to demonstrate its usability in a medical context. Results show that the gaze-map technique is fully compatible with different VR exposure systems and provides clinically meaningful data.

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/118612?ln=en

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This thesis presents researches and experiments performed in collaboration with a psychiatrist in order to validate and improve the use of virtual reality in social phobia psychotherapy. Cognitive and behavioral therapies are strongly based on the exposure to anxiety provoking stimuli. Virtual reality seems to be appropriate for such exposures as it allows for on-demand reproduction of reality. The idea has been validated for the treatment of various phobias but is more delicate in the case of social phobia; whereas the sense of presence provoked by the immersion in a virtual environment supports the emergence of fears linked to a location, we had to verify that we can reproduce social phobia related anxiety-provoking stimuli by simulating virtual humans. Therefore, and in order to provide therapists with an efficient virtual reality system dedicated to the exposure to social situations, we have developed software solutions supporting different immersion setups and enabling realistic simulations of inhabited virtual environments. We have experimented with public speaking scenarios within a preliminary study, three clinical case studies and a validation study on 200 subjects. We have been able to confirm that our virtual reality platform fulfilled therapeutic exposure requirements for social phobia. Moreover, we have been able to show that virtual reality exposure has additional advantages such as the possibility to improve clinical assessment with embedded monitoring tools. Our experiments with physiological measurements and eye tracking technology during immersion leaded to the validation of systems for objective and reliable assessment of patients' safety behaviors. The observation of such phobic reactions has confirmed the simulation impact and may provide therapists with enhanced pathological progression monitoring. During our experiments, we have also been able to observe that subjects' reactions during immersion were so much influenced by their sensitivity to fearful stimuli that their cognitive reactions were 'overloaded' by the arousal of anxiety and emotions. This has allowed us to consider that the sense of presence was more importantly related to the subjective impact of the content than to the technological process.

EPFL2005

Use of Virtual Reality as Therapeutic Tool for Behavioral Exposure in the Ambit of Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment.

Helena Stephanie Grillon Le Gallennec, Bruno Herbelin, Daniel Thalmann

We hereby present a study whose aim is to evaluate the efficiency and flexibility of virtual reality as a therapeutic tool in the confines of a social phobia behavioural therapeutic program. Our research protocol, accepted by the ethical commission of the cantonal hospices’ psychiatry service, is identical in content and structure for each patient. This study’s second goal is to use the confines of virtual exposure to objectively evaluate a specific parameter present in social phobia, namely eye contact avoidance, by using an eye-tracking system. Analysis of our results shows that there is a tendency to improvement in both the questionnaires and eye contact avoidance.

2006

, ,

We hereby present a study whose aim is to evaluate the efficiency and flexibility of virtual reality as a therapeutic tool in the confines of a social phobia behavioural therapeutic program. Our research protocol, accepted by the ethical commission of the cantonal hospices’ psychiatry service, is identical in content and structure for each patient. This study’s second goal is to use the confines of virtual exposure to objectively evaluate a specific parameter present in social phobia, namely eye contact avoidance, by using an eyetracking system. Analysis of our results shows that there is a tendency to improvement in both the questionnaires and eye contact avoidance.

2006

EPFL2005