Publication

Parallelization on a Hybrid Architecture of GBS, a Simulation Code for Plasma Turbulence at the Edge of Fusion Devices

Abstract

We present recent developments of GBS, a simulation code used to evolve plasma turbulence in the edge of fusion devices. GBS solves a set of 3D fluid equations, the Poisson and the Ampere equation, and a kinetic equation for the neutral atoms. Investigations carried out with GBS have significantly advanced our understanding of the plasma dynamics at the edge of fusion devices. For example, GBS simulations allowed the identification of the turbulent regimes and the saturation mechanisms of the linearly unstable modes. In GBS, a 3D Cartesian MPI communicator is employed, leading to excellent parallel scalability up to 8192 cores. To efficiently exploit many-core and hybrid architectures, new schemes using MPI+OpenMP and MPI+OpenACC have been recently implemented. We show the implementation of the new parallelization schemes, their scalability, and their efficiency. The new parallelization allows the efficient use of advanced hybrid supercomputers, such as Piz Daint at CSCS.

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Related concepts (36)
Magnetic confinement fusion
Magnetic confinement fusion is an approach to generate thermonuclear fusion power that uses magnetic fields to confine fusion fuel in the form of a plasma. Magnetic confinement is one of two major branches of fusion energy research, along with inertial confinement fusion. The magnetic approach began in the 1940s and absorbed the majority of subsequent development. Fusion reactions combine light atomic nuclei such as hydrogen to form heavier ones such as helium, producing energy.
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A double layer is a structure in a plasma consisting of two parallel layers of opposite electrical charge. The sheets of charge, which are not necessarily planar, produce localised excursions of electric potential, resulting in a relatively strong electric field between the layers and weaker but more extensive compensating fields outside, which restore the global potential. Ions and electrons within the double layer are accelerated, decelerated, or deflected by the electric field, depending on their direction of motion.
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In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between those layers. Turbulence is commonly observed in everyday phenomena such as surf, fast flowing rivers, billowing storm clouds, or smoke from a chimney, and most fluid flows occurring in nature or created in engineering applications are turbulent.
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