Publication

Modified poly(carboxylate ether)-based superplasticizer for enhanced flowability of calcined clay-limestone-gypsum blended Portland cement

Abstract

Supplementary materials that are utilized to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) decrease the workability of the cementitious mixtures and superplasticizers are usually added to cement to control their fluidity. In general, current superplasticizers are solely optimized for single component systems such as OPC. Here, we report the performance of a series of a modified poly(carboxylate ether)-based superplasticizers (PCEs) in a ternary OPC-calcined clay-limestone blend. We have utilized: i) a co-monomer with high ionic character, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to be incorporated into the acrylic acid backbone of PCEs and ii) low density of polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted chains < 0.01 mol/mol. The optimized polymer does not intercalate into the layered structure of calcined clay and preserves its steric size in the presence of high concentration of sulfate ions.

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Related concepts (10)
Portland cement
Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin, and is usually made from limestone. It is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay minerals in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding 2 to 3 percent of gypsum. Several types of portland cement are available.
Cement
A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.
Energetically modified cement
Energetically modified cements (EMCs) are a class of cements made from pozzolans (e.g. fly ash, volcanic ash, pozzolana), silica sand, blast furnace slag, or Portland cement (or blends of these ingredients). The term "energetically modified" arises by virtue of the mechanochemistry process applied to the raw material, more accurately classified as "high energy ball milling" (HEBM). This causes, amongst others, a thermodynamic transformation in the material to increase its chemical reactivity.
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