Level setIn mathematics, a level set of a real-valued function f of n real variables is a set where the function takes on a given constant value c, that is: When the number of independent variables is two, a level set is called a level curve, also known as contour line or isoline; so a level curve is the set of all real-valued solutions of an equation in two variables x_1 and x_2. When n = 3, a level set is called a level surface (or isosurface); so a level surface is the set of all real-valued roots of an equation in three variables x_1, x_2 and x_3.
Bounded variationIn mathematical analysis, a function of bounded variation, also known as BV function, is a real-valued function whose total variation is bounded (finite): the graph of a function having this property is well behaved in a precise sense. For a continuous function of a single variable, being of bounded variation means that the distance along the direction of the y-axis, neglecting the contribution of motion along x-axis, traveled by a point moving along the graph has a finite value.
Ricci-flat manifoldIn the mathematical field of differential geometry, Ricci-flatness is a condition on the curvature of a (pseudo-)Riemannian manifold. Ricci-flat manifolds are a special kind of Einstein manifold. In theoretical physics, Ricci-flat Lorentzian manifolds are of fundamental interest, as they are the solutions of Einstein's field equations in vacuum with vanishing cosmological constant. In Lorentzian geometry, a number of Ricci-flat metrics are known from works of Karl Schwarzschild, Roy Kerr, and Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat.
Metric mapIn the mathematical theory of metric spaces, a metric map is a function between metric spaces that does not increase any distance. These maps are the morphisms in the , Met. Such functions are always continuous functions. They are also called Lipschitz functions with Lipschitz constant 1, nonexpansive maps, nonexpanding maps, weak contractions, or short maps. Specifically, suppose that and are metric spaces and is a function from to . Thus we have a metric map when, for any points and in , Here and denote the metrics on and respectively.