Laser guidanceLaser guidance directs a robotics system to a target position by means of a laser beam. The laser guidance of a robot is accomplished by projecting a laser light, image processing and communication to improve the accuracy of guidance. The key idea is to show goal positions to the robot by laser light projection instead of communicating them numerically. This intuitive interface simplifies directing the robot while the visual feedback improves the positioning accuracy and allows for implicit localization.
Transport network analysisA transport network, or transportation network, is a network or graph in geographic space, describing an infrastructure that permits and constrains movement or flow. Examples include but are not limited to road networks, railways, air routes, pipelines, aqueducts, and power lines. The digital representation of these networks, and the methods for their analysis, is a core part of spatial analysis, geographic information systems, public utilities, and transport engineering.
Télémètre laserUn télémètre laser est un appareil permettant de mesurer les distances. Un rayon laser est projeté sur une cible qui renvoie à son tour le rayon lumineux. Le boîtier électronique calcule le déphasage entre l'émission et la réception. Un rayon modulé en fréquence est projeté sur une cible. La cible renvoie ce rayon vers l'appareil. Le temps mis par le rayon pour revenir est mesuré et la distance séparant l'utilisateur de la cible est calculée. Un principe voisin est utilisé par les forces de l’ordre pour effectuer des contrôles de vitesse.
Journey plannerA journey planner, trip planner, or route planner is a specialized search engine used to find an optimal means of travelling between two or more given locations, sometimes using more than one transport mode. Searches may be optimized on different criteria, for example fastest, shortest, fewest changes, cheapest. They may be constrained, for example, to leave or arrive at a certain time, to avoid certain waypoints, etc.
Indice de MoranEn statistiques, l’indice de Moran (ou de Moran) est une mesure de l'autocorrélation spatiale développée par Patrick Moran. L'autocorrélation spatiale est caractérisée par une corrélation entre les mesures géographiquement voisines d'un phénomène mesuré. Soit un champ réel défini sur un réseau discret de sites ; soit une matrice de poids positifs , carrée de dimension , quantifiant les influences de sur .
Nuage de points (géométrie)vignette|droite|Le château de Monmouth, représenté sous forme de nuée de points non maillés|388x388px Un nuage de points est un ensemble de points de données dans un système de coordonnées à trois dimensions. Ces points se définissent en général par les coordonnées x, y et z et servent souvent à représenter la façade d'un objet. Un numériseur balaie une surface extérieure dans ses trois dimensions pour en générer un nuage. Ses faisceaux prennent des mesures à un grand nombre de points d'une façon automatique pour produire le nuage sous forme de fichier de données.
Hydrographic surveyHydrographic survey is the science of measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration and drilling and related activities. Strong emphasis is placed on soundings, shorelines, tides, currents, seabed and submerged obstructions that relate to the previously mentioned activities. The term hydrography is used synonymously to describe maritime cartography, which in the final stages of the hydrographic process uses the raw data collected through hydrographic survey into information usable by the end user.
Geographical featureA feature (also called an object or entity), in the context of geography and geographic information science, is a discrete phenomenon that exists at a location in the space and scale of relevance to geography; that is, at or near the surface of Earth, at a moderate to global scale. It is one of the primary types of phenomena represented in geographic information, such as that represented in maps, geographic information systems, remote sensing imagery, statistics, and other forms of geographic discourse.
Atmospheric correctionAtmospheric correction is the process of removing the scattering and absorption effects of the atmosphere on the reflectance values of images taken by satellite or airborne sensors. Atmospheric effects in optical remote sensing are significant and complex, dramatically altering the spectral nature of the radiation reaching the remote sensor. The atmosphere both absorbs and scatters various wavelengths of the visible spectrum which must pass through the atmosphere twice, once from the sun to the object and then again as it travels back up the image sensor.
Digital mappingDigital mapping (also called digital or computer cartography) is the process by which a collection of spatial data is compiled and formatted into a virtual image on a computer. The primary function of this technology is to produce maps that give accurate representations of a particular area, detailing major road arteries and other points of interest. The technology also allows the calculation of distances from one place to another.
