NanogeneratorA nanogenerator is a small device that converts mechanical or thermal energy into electricity. It is an energy harvesting device where energy from external sources (e.g., solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy), also known as ambient energy, is converted into electricity for use by small, wireless autonomous devices like those used in wearable electronics, condition monitoring, and wireless sensor networks. Energy harvesters usually provide a very small amount of power for low-energy electronics.
Field-emission microscopyField-emission microscopy (FEM) is an analytical technique that is used in materials science to study the surfaces of needle apexes. The FEM was invented by Erwin Wilhelm Müller in 1936, and it was one of the first surface-analysis instruments that could approach near-atomic resolution. Microscopy techniques are utilized to generate magnified real-space images of the surface of a tip apex. Typically, microscopy information pertains to the surface crystallography (i.e., how the atoms are arranged at the surface) and surface morphology (i.
Empilement Pidroite|vignette| Trois conformations du dimère de benzène En chimie, l' empilement pi (également appelé empilement π – π ) fait référence à des interactions attractives et non-covalentes entre les cycles aromatiques, car ils contiennent des liaisons pi . Ces interactions sont importantes dans l'empilement de nucléobases dans les molécules d' ADN et d' ARN, le repliement des protéines, la synthèse dirigée par matrice, la science des matériaux et la reconnaissance moléculaire, bien que certaines recherches suggèrent que l'empilement pi peut ne pas être opérationnel dans certaines de ces applications.
Rational designIn chemical biology and biomolecular engineering, rational design (RD) is an umbrella term which invites the strategy of creating new molecules with a certain functionality, based upon the ability to predict how the molecule's structure (specifically derived from motifs) will affect its behavior through physical models. This can be done either from scratch or by making calculated variations on a known structure, and usually complements directed evolution.
Synthetic molecular motorSynthetic molecular motors are molecular machines capable of continuous directional rotation under an energy input. Although the term "molecular motor" has traditionally referred to a naturally occurring protein that induces motion (via protein dynamics), some groups also use the term when referring to non-biological, non-peptide synthetic motors. Many chemists are pursuing the synthesis of such molecular motors. The basic requirements for a synthetic motor are repetitive 360° motion, the consumption of energy and unidirectional rotation.
Hybrid materialHybrid materials are composites consisting of two constituents at the nanometer or molecular level. Commonly one of these compounds is inorganic and the other one organic in nature. Thus, they differ from traditional composites where the constituents are at the macroscopic (micrometer to millimeter) level. Mixing at the microscopic scale leads to a more homogeneous material that either show characteristics in between the two original phases or even new properties.
Bilayer grapheneBilayer graphene is a material consisting of two layers of graphene. One of the first reports of bilayer graphene was in the seminal 2004 Science paper by Geim and colleagues, in which they described devices "which contained just one, two, or three atomic layers" Bilayer graphene can exist in the AB, or Bernal-stacked form, where half of the atoms lie directly over the center of a hexagon in the lower graphene sheet, and half of the atoms lie over an atom, or, less commonly, in the AA form, in which the layers are exactly aligned.
Nanomaterial-based catalystNanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to enhance the catalytic process. Metal nanoparticles have high surface area, which can increase catalytic activity. Nanoparticle catalysts can be easily separated and recycled. They are typically used under mild conditions to prevent decomposition of the nanoparticles. Functionalized metal nanoparticles are more stable toward solvents compared to non-functionalized metal nanoparticles.
NanotigeEn nanotechnologie, une nanotige est l'une des formes des objets nanométriques. Chacune de ses dimensions va de 1 à . Elle peut être synthétisée chimiquement à partir d'un matériau métallique ou semi-conducteur. Un ensemble de ligands influent sur les agents de forme et se lient aux différentes facettes de la nanotige avec une force variable. Ces forces agissent sur le taux de croissance des facettes, ce qui permet de créer une nanotige étirée selon une direction.
Auto-assemblageL’auto-assemblage, parfois rapproché de l'auto-organisation, désigne les procédés par lesquels un système désorganisé de composants élémentaires s'assemble et s'organise de façon spontanée et autonome, à la suite d'interactions spécifiques et locales entre ces composants. On parle d'auto-assemblage moléculaire lorsque les composants en question sont des molécules, mais l'auto-assemblage s'observe à différentes échelles, des molécules à la formation du système solaire et des galaxies en passant par l'échelle nanométrique.
